Structural Analysis of Fibrous Proteins

AbstractOriginally published in: Protein Folding Handbook. Part II. Edited by Johannes Buchner and Thomas Kiefhaber. Copyright © 2005 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3‐527‐30784‐2The sections in this article areIntroductionOverview: Protein Fibers Formedin vivoAmyloid FibersSilksCollagensActin, Myosin, and Tropomyosin FilamentsIntermediate Filaments/Nuclear LaminaFibrinogen/FibrinMicrotubulesElastic FibersFlagella and PiliFilamentary Structures in Rod‐like VirusesProtein Fibers Used by Viruses and Bacteriophages to Bind to Their HostsOverview: Fiber StructuresStudy of the Structure of β‐sheet‐containing ProteinsAmyloidPaired Helical Filamentsβ‐Silksβ‐Sheet‐containing Viral Fibersα‐Helix‐containing Protein FibersCollagenTropomyosinIntermediate FilamentsProtein Polymers Consisting of a Mixture of Secondary StructureTubulinActin and Myosin FilamentsMethods to Study Fiber AssemblyCircular Dichroism Measurements for Monitoring Structural Changes Upon Fiber AssemblyTheory of CDExperimental Guide to Measure CD Spectra and Structural Transition KineticsIntrinsic Fluorescence Measurements to Analyze Structural ChangesTheory of Protein FluorescenceExperimental Guide to Measure Trp FluorescenceCovalent Fluorescent Labeling to Determine Structural Changes of Proteins with Environmentally Sensitive FluorophoresTheory on Environmental Sensitivity of FluorophoresExperimental Guide to Labeling Proteins With Fluorophores1‐Anilino‐8‐Naphthalensulfonate (ANS) Binding to Investigate Fiber AssemblyTheory on UsingANSFluorescence for Detecting Conformational Changes in ProteinsExperimental Guide to UsingANSfor Monitoring Protein Fiber AssemblyLight Scattering to Monitor Particle GrowthTheory of Classical Light ScatteringTheory of Dynamic Light ScatteringExperimental Guide to Analyzing Fiber Assembly UsingDLSField‐flow Fractionation to Monitor Particle GrowthTheory ofFFFExperimental Guide to UsingFFFfor Monitoring Fiber AssemblyFiber Growth‐rate Analysis Using Surface Plasmon ResonanceTheory ofSPRExperimental Guide to UsingSPRfor Fiber‐growth AnalysisSingle‐fiber Growth Imaging Using Atomic Force MicroscopyTheory of Atomic Force MicroscopyExperimental Guide for UsingAFMto Investigate Fiber GrowthDyes Specific for Detecting Amyloid FibersTheory on Congo Red and ThioflavinTBinding to AmyloidExperimental Guide to Detecting Amyloid Fibers withCRand Thioflavin BindingMethods to Study Fiber Morphology and StructureScanning Electron Microscopy for Examining the Low‐resolution Morphology of a Fiber SpecimenTheory ofSEMExperimental Guide to Examining Fibers bySEMTransmission Electron Microscopy for Examining Fiber Morphology and StructureTheory ofTEMExperimental Guide to Examining Fiber Samples byTEMCryo‐electron Microscopy for Examination of the Structure of Fibrous ProteinsTheory of Cryo‐electron MicroscopyExperimental Guide to Preparing Proteins for Cryo‐electron MicroscopyStructural Analysis from Electron MicrographsAtomic Force Microscopy for Examining the Structure and Morphology of Fibrous ProteinsExperimental Guide for UsingAFMto Monitor Fiber MorphologyUse ofX‐ray Diffraction for Examining the Structure of Fibrous ProteinsTheory ofX‐Ray Fiber DiffractionExperimental Guide toX‐Ray Fiber DiffractionFourier Transformed Infrared SpectroscopyTheory ofFTIRExperimental Guide to Determining Protein Conformation byFTIRConclusionsAcknowledgements