Extraction of Dyes from Parts of the Plants and their Phytochemical Screening

The primary goal of obtaining dyes from natural plant sources is to prevent pollution of the environment. Any color, pigment or material originating from organic materials plants, animals or minerals are considered as a natural dye, since it is a sustainable bio resource with no negative influence on the environment. The oldest known kind of dyeing is arguably the use of natural dyes. Nowadays, natural dyes are widely used in the textile sector because synthetic colors are harmful to human skin. Much study is being done globally on the use of natural dyes in the textile industry in light of the current worldwide concern about the usage of eco-friendly and biodegradable products. They have been utilized for coloring food items, textiles, natural protein fibers like wool, silk, cotton and leather. Natural dye was initially used by humans as a thought tool to create artwork that reflected both their environment and themselves. Synthetic dyes have effluent issues not only when they are used in the textile industry but also when they are made and may even arise while synthesizing other raw materials and intermediates. After synthetic dyes were discovered in 1856, the usage of natural dyes for textile dyeing was greatly reduced. Natural dyes have been used to color fabrics since ancient times, the discovery of mauve colorant in the 19th century led to the replacement of natural dyes with synthetic ones. Naturally occurring dyes have become a significant substitute for artificial dyes. Furthermore, the plant dyes might serve as a substitute for synthetic dyes when it comes to dying natural cotton fiber. In order to verify the plant dyes' qualities and introduce them into textiles more quickly and efficiently, this process is used to first identify plants from which dyes can be derived. In the present study, the phytochemical screening was carried from natural dyes which were obtained from different plant parts, namely Ixora Coccinea flower (pink), Nerium oleander flower (red), Tradescantia pallida flower, Portulaca oleracea, Cissus qudrangularis stem and Celosia cristata stem. The extracted dyes were categorized for different chemical groups like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, amino acids etc., using various chemical reactions. Keywords Natural dyes; Biodegradable; Phytochemical screening; Ixora Coccinea flower (pink); Nerium Oleander flower (red); Tradescantia pallida flower; Portulaca oleracea; Cissus quadrangularis stem; Celosia cristata stem