Anorectal abscess

Abstract An anorectal abscess is a common problem which frequently requires surgical drainage. This chapter explores the aetiology, classification, and management of anorectal abscesses. It reviews the pertinent anatomy and pathophysiology behind the prevailing theory of anorectal abscess formation, and it discusses the relationship of an anorectal abscess and fistula-in-ano. It covers the typical symptomatology, examination findings, and diagnostic testing involved in the management of an anorectal abscess. It describes the surgical approach for each subtype of anorectal abscess (perianal and perirectal), and briefly explores the considerations with anorectal abscess in specific patient populations, including those with Crohn’s Disease or immunocompromised states.