<b>Common comorbidities among tuberculosis patients in Western Sudan during the Sudan armed conflict</b>

Background: Hematological Malignancies (HM) incidence is uprising in developing countries with limited resources especially in Sudan. Methodology: This descriptive retrospective study was conducted by utilizing leukemia data acquired from Kordofan Oncology Center for Chemotherapy, El-Obeid, Sudan between 2016 to 2023. The study included a total of one hundred patients. Data were retrieved from the files of patients who were admitted to Kordofan Oncology center with hematological malignancies. Results: CLL is the most prevalent HM representing 61%, followed by CML accounting for 17%, then NHL which is 11%, MM 6% and HL 3%. Approximately 58% of males and 42% of females were affected with HM. Although HM were more prevalent among older individuals, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was more usually observed in those aged over 71 years, accounting for 23 out of 61 cases (36%). The majority of participants in this study were persons residing in urban areas. The majority of patients with HM were housewives, followed by self-employed individuals and farmers, accounting for 31 out of 88 (35%), 28 out of 88 (32%), and 13 out of 88 (15%) patients, respectively. Regarding staging 39% of patients were at stage 1, 27% patients stage II, 25% patients  stage IV, and 9% patients at stage III. Hamar appears to be the most affected tribe (9%), followed by Dar Hamed, Hawazma, Jalia, Gawamaa and Nuba (2%) each. Conclusion: CLL was the dominant type of hematological malignancies observed in Kordofan Oncology Center. beside the majority of cases were observed among males, urban residents, and elder populations aged >70 years.  Special focus should be given to the highly affected population. Further more detailed studies are required in the Sudan.