Chalcis and Eretria

Abstract Chalcis and Eretria, located less than 20 km from each other on the island of Euboea, were remarkably dynamic communities during the Archaic period. The site of Lefkandi, located between Chalcis and Eretria, was abandoned c. 700, and its territory was absorbed by Chalcis. The relationship between Chalcis and Eretria, although frequently hostile, was close, and they developed a uniquely Euboean identity and material culture. Off the island, Chalcidians and Eretrians played a pivotal role in Greeks’ intensive mobility, settlement abroad, and participation in Mediterranean trading networks. In the sixth century, both poleis expanded the territory they controlled on Euboea. The late sixth and early fifth centuries were a difficult time for both Chalcis and Eretria; the latter was conquered by Athens in 506, the former sacked by the Persians in 490. The story of Chalcis and Eretria thus forms an integral part of the larger story of the Greek world during the Archaic period, replete with bold enterprises, parochial infighting, and constant change.