Therapeutic potential of green formulation of Silybum marianum-based zinc nanoparticles on cervical cancer

Silybum marianum possesses numerous therapeutic properties and has the potential to inhibit the spread of cancer. Research indicates that this plant can prevent the proliferation of cancer cells. It is likely that S. marianum could enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. In addition, the adverse effects of current treatments could potentially be alleviated through the use of this plant. While the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not officially approved S. marianum for carcinoma treatment, it shows promise in treating various types of cancer such as skin, small intestine, blood, cervical, breast, and prostate cancers. The primary focus of research is the exploration of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) formulated with medicinal plants. In this study, we successfully synthesized S. marianum-based zinc NPs (Zn-NPs). Various characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy were employed. The DPPH inhibition efficiency was determined using DPPH method, while the MTT assay was utilized to assess the cytotoxic effects of the Zn-NPs on HT-3, LM-MEL-41, C-33 A, and SiHa cells. The findings from the FE-SEM indicated that the NPs appeared spherical with some degree of aggregation. Furthermore, the FT-IR analysis identified peaks at 472 and 518 cm-1, which can be attributed to Zn-O bond. The IC50 values of the Zn NPs against HT-3, LM-MEL-41, C-33 A, and SiHa cervical cancer cells were 161, 125, 155, and 108 μg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, these findings showed that S. marianumbased Zn NPs possess potential benefits in treating cervical carcinoma.