Hyperplastic polyposis: a case report

Abstract Objective The authors present a case report of hyperplastic polyposis syndrome from the Coloproctology Service, Vitória Apart Hospital, Vitória-ES. Case study Our case is a 24-year-old man who suffered from fatigue, malaise and microcytic and hypochromic anemia, whose upper digestive endoscopy presented several hyperplastic polyps in the stomach and whose colonoscopy revealed colonic polyposis mainly in the right colon; the histopathology showed tubular adenoma with moderate atypia in the ascending colon. Thus, a videolaparoscopic right colectomy was performed; the analysis of the surgical fragment showed multiple (more than 30) polyps distributed through the cecum and ascending colon. Conclusion The histopathological diagnosis of hyperplastic polyposis is a challenging task. In general, most polyps are hyperplastic, but serrated and classic adenomas also occur. These associated adenomatous injuries can be the cause of malignant transformation. So far, there is no consensus about the appropriate treatment; however, a colectomy procedure may be beneficial in a scenario of a large number of hyperplastic polyps, concurrent serrated adenomas, or multiple high-risk adenomatous lesions.