Endophytic entomopathogens: An ecofriendly way for pest management

Global food security poses a significant challenge in meeting the needs of a rapidly growing population. Currently, producers rely on chemical pesticides to overcome pest-related problems in crop husbandry. However, the extensive use of synthetic molecules results in environmental pollution, resistance development, residual toxicity, pest recurrence and negative impacts on human and animal health. The expanding worldwide population has generated a substantial need for agricultural goods in terms of both quality and quantity, leading to a notable rise in the application of agricultural chemicals, including chemical pesticides, to combat insect pests. As a result, the use of entomopathogens for biological control has emerged as a prominent choice among these options. Currently, farmers are using microbial biopesticide solutions to counteract the negative effects of specific insects on crops. Microbes present a sustainable and adaptable solution that can effectively combat harmful pests without causing significant economic damage while simultaneously improving the health and productivity of plants. In 2020, biopesticides held a 6 % share in the global pesticide industry, with projections indicating a twofold increase to approximately 15 % by 2031. The purpose of this review was to highlight the widely accessible endophytic entomopathogens and explore their potential as a substitute for chemical pesticides. The primary goal of using endophytic entomopathogens is to maintain an optimal level of production, improve environmental well-being, reduce pesticide use and conserve natural resources. Moreover, research is now being conducted to investigate further potential characteristics, particularly concentrating on effective and rapidly spreading endophytic entomopathogens. This paper presents an overview of the mechanisms of action and the resistance they provide against herbivore insects, along with their respective benefits and limitations.