REFLECTION AS A METACOGNITIVE PHENOMENON OF PSYCHOLOGY

The article is devoted to the theoretical analysis of understanding the phenomenon of reflection in psychology, the study of the types, types and mechanisms of reflection identified by scientists. Various author's psychological interpretations of reflection and classification of its types/types/forms are considered, which leads to the conclusion that the scientific definition of reflection due to the complexity of this phenomenon is still insufficiently qualitative, thorough and detailed, with an understanding of the essence of the phenomenon, differentiated in psychology. It is suggested that precisely because of the complexity and ambiguous versatility for the analysis and interpretation of the phenomenon of reflection, scientists have identified its various types, its generalized and systematized understanding in psychology is still missing. It has been studied that scientists analyze various approaches and directions in the interpretation of reflection in psychology, and not only there are quite a significant number of them, but they are gradually increasing, since reflection turns out to be a complex metacognitive phenomenon, which each scientist seeks to understand subjectively. It is noted that the attempts of researchers who, understanding reflection as a process, are trying to analyze its structure, highlighting the stages of human reflection, deserve special attention. It is stated that the content of the concept of "reflection" is inappropriate to be reduced to a "thinking process", since reflection is not identical to thinking, but, on the other hand, thus, its understanding as a higher mental function is significantly narrowed. While reflection can be interpreted as refraction through the prism of self-knowledge, self-analysis and self-understanding of the perfect, rethought and experienced by a person; it is the ability of a person to arbitrarily turn consciousness on itself; and I of the individual can become an object of reflection due to the fact that a person is able to distance himself from his own consciousness. It is concluded that reflection is a way for a person to understand himself and other people, the motives of actions, deeds and experiences, to predict the directions of their development/change in the future based on an analysis of the results of the past and what has been achieved, the existence of the world and the person in it as a whole. And what if, reflecting, we not only comprehend our own (and others') thoughts, experiences, actions, evaluating them in terms of compliance with both our own life principles and desires, and social and moral norms and principles of cohabitation, but also try to change in the future To make our real conform to our desired ideas of what should be, so we strive to achieve the congruence of real behavior with our own idea of ​​the ideal and the way it should be.