Evaluation of sperm sexing technique using BSA column medium in Garut rams: Enhancing sperm quality, kinematics, and fertility performance for improved breeding efficiency

Background: The reproductive performance of Garut rams is vital for sustainable sheep farming in West Java, but their reproductive performance faces challenges that hinder breeding efficiency. This study evaluates the effectiveness of BSA and albumin column sperm sexing techniques in Garut rams, focusing on separation efficiency, sperm quality, and fertility post-AI. As the first comprehensive analysis in this breed, it offers critical insights into the practical application of sexing methods, supporting the development of reproductive technologies tailored to the genetic and economic significance of local Indonesian livestock. Aim: This study aims to evaluated two sperm sexing techniques—Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) column and albumin column—in Garut rams (Ovis aries), an economically important breed in Indonesia. The research focused on sperm separation efficiency, sperm quality, and fertility performance following artificial insemination (AI). Methods: This study compared BSA and albumin column techniques for sperm sexing in Garut rams. Sperm quality, kinematics, and sexing validation were analyzed using CASA and morphometric analysis. Frozen sexed semen was used for artificial insemination, and pregnancy rates were recorded. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson correlation to assess differences and relationships among all parameters, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The BSA column method surpassed the albumin column in preserving sperm motility, viability, and kinematics, including higher VSL and DCL—key indicators for fertilization success. It also reduced sperm abnormalities and significantly increased post-insemination pregnancy rates, demonstrating its superior effectiveness for enhancing fertility outcomes in Garut rams. Conclusion: The BSA column method is a cost-effective alternative to flow cytometry for sperm sexing in Garut rams, preserving sperm quality and improving fertility. It supports productivity in small-scale farming and enhances meat and milk output. Further multi-omics and flow cytometry studies are needed to expand its application in sustainable livestock breeding