The Current Surgical Management of Achalasia Cardia: Review Article

The surgical management of achalasia cardia has been evolving over the past decade since the introduction of Heller’s myotomy. Laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy is the current gold standard for the surgical management of achalasia cardia, and it is accompanied by a partial fundoplication. The robotic Heller's myotomy is slowly emerging since the introduction of robotic surgery. The thoracoscopic myotomy is now seldom performed, and esophagectomy is only performed for patients with end-stage achalasia cardia. In this review, we will look at the various surgical operations that are performed for achalasia cardia, looking at the advantages and complications of them.