Coupling characteristics of optical skyrmions based on localized spoof plasmons (LSP)

In this work, we theoretically investigate the coupling characteristics of optical skyrmions based on localized spoof plasmons (LSPs). First, the single LSP optical skyrmion is realized and resonance modes attributed to different topological features are analyzed. Second, the coupling effect is observed through decreasing the distance between the adjacent LSP optical skyrmions. The coupling LSP optical skyrmions can preserve the topological behaviors, and particularly, three coupling modes (mode-a, mode-b, and mode-c) can be observed. Mode-a presents uniform magnetic field distributions, while mode-b and mode-c can be observed with asymmetric magnetic field distributions. Finally, the ten-coupling LSP optical skyrmions supported by space-coiling cylinders and square structures are realized and the robust topological features are discussed. The results may contribute to the future investigation on designing optical skyrmion crystals and advanced optical devices.