Pneumomediastinum due to tracheal foreign body granuloma

Primary tracheal masses are rare. Secondary masses of the trachea are commonly foreign body granuloma, intubation granuloma or viral granuloma. The differential diagnoses given in such cases include both benign and malignant lesions. The otolaryngologist is often asked to perform a biopsy of the lesion to arrive at a diagnosis. However, even malignant processes can cause a granulomatous reaction. The timely diagnosis of tracheal masses depends upon maintaining a high index of suspicion. A rare case of tracheal granuloma leading to pneumomediastinum in a 53-year-old female is presented. The clinical features, investigations and treatment are detailed. The tracheal granuloma was managed by excision through bronchoscopy and the pneumomediastinum was managed conservatively.