A Wake‐Up Call on the Relevance of Rewilding Processes for Disease Ecology

ABSTRACT Introduction Rewilding, through both passive and active strategies, is a promising conservation approach to restore ecosystem functions and biodiversity. Nevertheless, it may unintentionally influence disease dynamics. Aims This perspective examines the mechanisms by which rewilding influences disease ecology and provides guidelines for integral surveillance. Main Body Shifts in community structure and landscape modulate host‐vector‐pathogen interactions, modulating the emergence, persistence, and spillover of pathogens. We present how these factors, associated with rewilding projects, can modify ecosystem stability and health‐related risks to wildlife, domestic animals, and human populations. Results This work highlights the importance of integrating disease ecology into rewilding frameworks, advocating for a One‐Health approach that focuses on both domestic and wild animals, the environment, and human health. Recommendations Implementation of context‐specific monitoring and early detection systems is essential for identifying and managing disease threats. By integrating proactive control measures, rewilding efforts can ensure the fulfilment of ecological goals while mitigating adverse health consequences.