The Association of Hyperlipidemia at Late Pregnancy With Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Women With Gestational Diabetes

Background: There is evidence that hyperlipidemia during early pregnancy is linked to adverse consequences for expecting mothers and newborns. This study assessed how hyperlipidemia in the third trimester affected outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 116 pregnant women with GDM.Maternal serum lipids were measured in the first and third trimesters of gestation. The participants were split into two groups: pregnant women with GDM and hyperlipidemia as the hyperlipidemia group (n=58) and pregnant women with only GDM as the non-hyperlipidemia group (n=58). The association between dyslipidemia and maternal and neonatal outcomes was evaluated. Results: Significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding maternal serum lipids at late gestation, body mass index (BMI), mean neonatal weight, preeclampsia, fetal macrosomia, and cesarean section. Maternal dyslipidemia was significantly related to increased odds of cesarean section (OR=2.622, CI:1.170-5.876, P=0.019) and preeclampsia (OR=4.452, CI:1.719-11.530, P=0.002). Newborns in the hyperlipidemia group had lower 1-minute Apgar scores than those in the non-hyperlipidemia group (P<0.001). Moreover, the risk of fetal macrosomia was 5.833 times higher in the hyperlipidemia group than in the non-hyperlipidemia group (OR=5.833, CI: 1.576-21.586, P=0.008). Conclusion: Hyperlipidemia at late gestation is related to complications and unfavorable maternal and neonatal outcomes. The evaluation of lipid profiles before and during pregnancy is needed to diagnose and manage maternal and neonatal complications, especially in high-risk populations like women with GDM.