Hepatitis C Virus IgG antibody and HCV RNA status in young adults in ETSAKO, Edo State, Nigeria

Abstract Study Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a significant public health issue globally, with Nigeria being one of the countries with a high frequency of HCV. Aim and Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency and frequency of HCV IgG antibody and HCV RNA in young adults in Etsako, Edo State, Nigeria, using. Materials and Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design, and blood samples were collected and tested for HCV IgG antibody by ELISA and HCV RNA by Reverse Transcripatse PCR. The study participants' demographic information, such as gender, marital status, training, and occupation, were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Two hundred young adults (Female – 100; Male-100) were studied. Results: The results showed an overall HCV IgG antibody frequency of 8.5%, with slightly higher rates in females (9.0%) than males (8.0%). The frequency of HCV IgG antibody was higher in single unmarried young adults with children (14.3%) compared to those without children (8.8%). The frequency of HCV RNA was 3.5%, with a higher frequency in single unmarried young adults with children (10.7%) compared to those without children (2.0%). The frequency of HCV IgG antibody was higher among females, single unmarried individuals with children, and certain occupations. However, there was a lower significant difference in the frequency of HCV RNA compared to HCV IgG antibody in young adults, single unmarried individuals without children, and gainfully employed graduates. Additionally, the frequency of HCV RNA was significantly lower in single unmarried young adults without children compared to those with children. These findings suggest that HCV frequency varies based on certain demographic and occupational factors, and that testing for HCV RNA may provide more accurate results for diagnosis and treatment. It is important to continue monitoring HCV frequency in different populations to inform prevention and treatment strategies. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for increased awareness and screening for HCV among young adults, especially those with risk factors such as being single and having children. The findings also provide valuable insights for public health policies and interventions aimed at preventing and controlling the spread of HCV in the community.