Molecular identification and localization of cellular titin, a novel titin isoform in the fibroblast stress fiber

AbstractWe previously discovered a large titin‐like protein—c‐titin—in chicken epithelial brush border and human blood platelet extracts that binds α‐actinin and organizes arrays of myosin II bipolar filaments in vitro. RT‐PCR analysis of total RNA from human megakaryoblastic (CHRF‐288‐11) and mouse fibroblast (3T3) nonmuscle cells reveal sequences identical to known titin gene exon sequences that encode parts of the Z‐line, I‐band, PEVK domain, A‐band, and M‐line regions of striated muscle titins. In the nonmuscle cells, these sequences are differentially spliced in patterns not reported for any striated muscle titin isoform. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against expressed protein fragments encoded by the Z‐repeat and kinase domain regions react with the c‐titin band in Western blot analysis of platelet extracts and immunoprecipitate c‐titin in whole platelet extracts. Immunofluorescent localization demonstrates that the majority of the c‐titin colocalizes with α‐actinin and actin in 3T3 and Indian Muntjac deer skin fibroblast stress fibers. Our results suggest that differential expression of titin gene exons in nonmuscle cells yields multiple novel isoforms of the protein c‐titin that are associated with the actin stress fiber structures. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.