Determination of Heavy Metal Content in Imported Frozen Fish Sold in Local Markets of Elbeida, Libya

This study investigates the concentration of heavy metals in imported frozen fish sold in Elbeida, Libya, which has gained popularity as an alternative to fresh fish following Hurricane Daniel. A total of 36 samples were collected from the muscles, gills, and skin of two species, Sparus aurata and Mugil cephalus. The levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) were estimated using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The results revealed that Sparus aurata exhibited higher heavy metal concentrations compared to Mugil cephalus, with the gills showing the highest accumulation. In Sparus aurata, maximum concentrations in the gills reached 0.42 mg/kg for Cu, 0.75 mg/kg for Zn, 0.11 mg/kg for Cd, and 0.06 mg/kg for Pb, while Mugil cephalus showed lower levels, with Cu at 0.30 mg/kg and Zn at 0.41 mg/kg. Notably, Pb levels in both species (0.05 mg/kg for Sparus aurata and 0.04 mg/kg for Mugil cephalus) marginally exceeded WHO standards but remained within FAO limits. These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of heavy metal concentrations in seafood to ensure consumer safety and public health protection.