Clinical Indications of Memantine in Psychiatry-Science or Art?

Background Memenatine is USFDA approved for dementia of Alzheimer’s disease. Apart from this indication, trend of its use in psychiatry is on the rise addressing a multitude of disorders. Study question Memantine remains one of only few psychotropic drugs with antiglutamate activity. This might impart it a therapeutic potential in treatment-resistant major psychiatric disorders characterized by neuroprogression. We reviewed memantine basic pharmacology and its diversifying clinical indications while examining the extant evidence. Methods EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews were searched for all relevant studies up to date of November, 2022. Results Sound evidence supports use of memantine for major neuro-cognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease and severe vascular dementia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, treatment-resistant schizophrenia, and, ADHD. Modicum evidence supports use of memantine for PTSD, GAD and pathological gambling. Less compelling evidence is present for use in catatonia. No evidence supports use for core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. Conclusions Memantine is an important addition to the psychopharmacological armamentarium. Level of evidence supporting the use of memantine in these off-label indications is highly variable, and hence, sound clinical judgment is necessary for its proper use and placement in real-life psychiatric practice and psychopharmacotherapy algorithms.