IoT-Based Solar Inverter with Intelligent Power Source Management

The project titled “IoT-Based Solar Inverter with Intelligent Power Source Management” focuses on the design and implementation of a smart backup power system that ensures uninterrupted electricity supply by automatically switching between the main AC supply and an inverter during power interruptions. The primary objective of this project is to develop a reliable and intelligent renewable energy–based solution that integrates solar energy utilization, battery storage, and automated source management while providing real-time system monitoring through IoT technology. The methodology adopted in this work involves the use of a solar panel connected to an MPPT charge controller to achieve efficient and safe battery charging. An Arduino Uno is utilized for monitoring battery voltage, detecting the availability of the main supply, controlling relay-based power source selection, and displaying system parameters on an LCD. In the event of a power failure, the system detects the interruption, displays a power failure message, and automatically transfers the load to the inverter without manual intervention. The inverter circuit, operating independently in analog mode, converts stored DC energy from the battery into AC power to maintain continuous supply to the connected load. An ESP32 module is incorporated to provide IoT connectivity, enabling real-time remote monitoring of battery voltage, battery level, selected power source, and protection status through a cloud-based platform. The novelty of the proposed system lies in the integration of intelligent automatic switching, IoT-enabled remote supervision, and built-in protection mechanisms such as overcharging and deep discharge protection to enhance battery lifespan and overall system reliability. The findings of this study indicate that the system effectively achieves seamless transition between power sources during outages, significantly reduces switching delay, improves solar energy utilization efficiency through MPPT operation, and maintains battery health by preventing overcharging and deep discharge conditions under varying load scenarios. The system also demonstrates stable real-time data transmission through IoT, ensuring continuous monitoring and improved user control. Therefore, the developed system provides a dependable, efficient, and intelligent power backup solution suitable for residential and small-scale renewable energy applications.