Bio-detoxification of mycotoxin-contaminated feedstuffs: Using lactic acid bacteria and yeast

Mycotoxins contaminations in feedstuffs are one of the principal concerns worldwide nowadays, related to the fact that they may evoke health problems in animals and consequently in humans. Biodetoxification of mycotoxins by application of beneficial microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria or yeasts) is one of the well-known, relatively low-cost, easy, efficient, safe, and green approaches for the reduction of mycotoxins presence in feeds. The use of beneficial microorganisms as feed additives to remove mycotoxins is widely practiced in the industrial production of animal feed. In this overview, we aim to summarize the great potential of beneficial microorganisms as bio-detoxificant, including a summary of various reported detoxification activities of lactic acid bacteria or yeasts against mycotoxins with relevance for feedstuff. The principal focus is the detoxification of mycotoxins in livestock, poultry, and aquatic feed using beneficial microorganisms. The mechanisms of the detoxification process and effective factors in this process are also covered. This review article could be useful for biotechnologists, investigators, and animal feed manufacturers who have challenges regarding the existence of mycotoxins in feed, and help them to find the best method for feed bio-decontamination.