The Effect of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Bark Extracts on Maize Weevil (Sitophilus Zeamais) in Stored Maize (Zea Mays) in Lokoja, Kogi State

Abstract Background This study investigated the effect of crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica against Sitophilus zeamais (Maize weevil) on stored Zea mays (Maize). The pesticidal activity of Azadirachta indica extracts on Sitophilus zeamais was evaluated at concentrations of 500, 1000, and 1500mg/ml. The cold maceration method was employed in this study for the preparation of extracts. The mortality rate of the weevils was monitored every 24 hours for 72 hours consecutively. Measured and recorded mortality were presented in tabular format, indicating the concentrations and total number of death counts. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS (Version 21). Proportions of the mortality rate of Sitophilus zeamais in relation to concentrations of aqueous and ethanolic extracts were compared using ANOVA. Results Inferences drawn from this study showed that both the crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts were effective at the maximum concentration, but the ethanolic extract showed a higher rate of effectiveness than the crude aqueous extract. Conclusion To further assess their potential as an insecticide against pests in storage seeds, it is also advised to extract Azadirachta indica using a different solvent. Although these extracts have an impact on maize weevil populations, biosafety research should be done to determine their toxicity to humans. To evaluate the practical application of botanical insecticides, field tests should be conducted.