Transparent Colloids of Detonation Nanodiamond: Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties

Aqueous suspensions (colloids) containing detonation nano-diamond (DND) feature in most applications of DND and are an indispensable stage of its production; therefore, the interaction of DND with water is actively studied. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the unique physico-chemical and biological properties of transparent colloids with low DND content (≤0.1%), which are the subject of this review. Thus, such colloids possess giant dielectric permittivity which shows peculiar temperature dependence, as well as quasi-periodic fluctuations during slow evaporation or dilution. In these colloids, DND interacts with water and air to form cottonwool-like fibers comprising living micro-organisms (fungi and bacteria) and DND particles, with elevated nitrogen content due to fixation of atmospheric N2. Prolonged contact between these solutions and air lead to the formation of ammonium nitrate, sometimes forming macroscopic crystals. The latter was also formed during prolonged oxidation of fungi in aqueous DND colloids. The possible mechanism of N2 fixation is discussed, which can be attributable to the high reactivity of DND.