BIOCOMPATIBILITY, CYTOTOXICITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA L. AERIAL EXTRACTS: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDY

Plantago lanceolata L. is classified as Plantaginaceae family. Its bioactive properties have been documented in scientific literature, suggesting its efficacy in therapeutic interventions across a spectrum of medical conditions, with a particular focus on cancer treatment. The acetonic and alcoholic extracts of P. lanceolata aerial organs were subjected to the MTT technique, Artemia salina, oral acute hemolysis, GC-MS, and phytochemical screening to determine their in vitro cytotoxic impact, in vivo toxicity, biocompatibility, and phytochemical screening, respectively. The P. lanceolata acetonic extracts exhibited the lowest IC50 values on HCT-116 and HEK- 293 cells. Between 185.04 and 123.98 μg/mL. P. lanceolata extracts in methanol and ethanol showed no toxicity against A. salina (LC50: 27.25 mg/mL and 14.42 mg/mL). For four hours, the tested dosages of the alcoholic extract on red blood cells showed no signs of toxicity. One week following treatment, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of P. lanceolata were not deadly when taken orally. On the Hodge and Sterner scale, P. lanceolata extracts showed no indications of toxicity. P. lanceolata's methanolic extract was described by its primary chemical elements, including n-hexadecanoic acid (15.00%); octadecanoic acid (9.80%); cis-vaccenic acid (5.66%), and 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid (5.66%). P. lanceolata acetonic extract contained n-hexadecanoic acid(1.53%), oleic Acid (1.34%) and linoleic acid (1.15%). The methanolic and ethanolic extracts did not induce hemolysis and were more cytotoxic against HCT- 116 compared to HEK-293. From a pharmaceutical point of view, if toxic drugs show selective toxicity against cancer cells and are non-toxic against normal cells, it is considered advantageous.