Costus igneus N. E. Br. A molecular assessment of its pharmacological characteristics and bioactive compounds

     Costus igneus , commonly referred to as the “Step ladder” or “Insulin plant,” is a perennial herb native to the Western Ghats of India. Renowed for its hypoglycemic properties, the species is considered threatened, highlighting the need for urgent conservation efforts. Costus igneus is a rich source of valuable industrially bioactive compounds, including stigmasterol, lupeol, quercetin, diosgenin, and bis (2'-ethylhexyl)-1, 2-benzene-dicarboxylate. It is well-recognized for its ethonomedicinal applications in India, Africa, China. This plant exhibits a wide geographic distribution and is characterized by diverse descriptions, taxonomic classifications, and genetic variability. Extensive molecular level research has employed advanced genetic engineering techniques, focusing on identifying relevant markers, conducting protein analyses, and performing isozyme studies. Traditionally, C. igneus has been utilized for its stimulant, carminative, diuretic, digestive, hepatoprotective, and antidiabetic properties. This review highlights the urgent need for researchers and stakeholders to leverage advanced biotechnological methods, such as genetic diversity assessment, the implementation of conservation strategies, ecosystem monitoring, and species restoration programs for C. igneus. The comprehensive scope of the study encompasses various facets of C. igneus , including agro cultivation, medicinal chemistry, health applications, molecular and genetic approaches, and biotechnological advancements. In-depth research on this species has the potential to unveil its therapeutic potential, paving the way for the development of innovative plant-based treatments.