Correlation of Magnesium and Calcium Intake with Cardiorespiratory Endurance in Adolescent Athletes

Adequate micronutrient intake plays a critical role in supporting physiological adaptation and performance in adolescent athletes who undergo intensive training during periods of rapid growth. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between magnesium and calcium intake and cardiorespiratory endurance among adolescent basketball athletes. A total of 25 athletes aged 13–18 years participated in this observational cross-sectional study. Dietary magnesium and calcium intake were assessed using a validated Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), reflecting habitual intake over one month. Cardiorespiratory endurance was evaluated through estimated VO₂ Max obtained from the standardized Multistage Fitness Test (bleep test). The results showed that the mean intake of both magnesium and calcium among participants was within recommended adequacy levels. Correlation analysis revealed a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between magnesium intake and VO₂ Max (r = 0.72; p < 0.05), as well as between calcium intake and VO₂ Max (r = 0.75; p < 0.05). These findings indicate that higher mineral intake is associated with better aerobic capacity in adolescent athletes. From a physiological perspective, magnesium plays a key role in ATP synthesis, neuromuscular transmission, and muscle relaxation, while calcium is essential for excitation–contraction coupling, cardiovascular regulation, and metabolic stability during prolonged high-intensity exercise. In conclusion, adequate intake of magnesium and calcium is significantly associated with improved cardiorespiratory endurance in adolescent basketball athletes. These findings highlight the importance of integrating mineral adequacy into athlete development and nutrition education programs, particularly during adolescence, to optimize aerobic performance and support long-term athletic development.