Scientific approach to an absolute chronology through synchronisms dated by astronomy

“Chronology is the backbone of history” is usually taught in schools but in the same time the first fall of Babylon is currently fixed today (2019) either in 1595 BCE “Middle Chronology” (sic) or in 1651, 1531 and 1499 BCE, depending on historians! Such a difference in timeline prevents one from reaching the historical truth. It is for this reason that from Herodotus, the father of history (in fact the father of scientific and chronological inquiry), Greek historians gradually established a system of scientific dating in order to write a universal history. Many astronomical phenomena observed and described by Babylonian astrologers enable anyone today (with at least an undergraduate level) to synchronize these ancient dating systems and anchor them on absolute dates. As incredible as it may seem this is still not done (among the hundreds of thousands of theses in history there is none which focuses on chronology, except the one of Isaac Newton in 1728 entitled: Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended). The Mesopotamian royal lists give a complete chronology of kings dating back to King Sargon of Akkad (2243-2187). In addition, the numerous synchronisms between the Assyrian and Babylonian reigns, as well as the presence during these reigns of several lunar eclipses precisely dated by astronomy, make it possible to reconstitute an absolute chronology that serves as the backbone to anchor all the chronologies of the ancient kingdoms of the Near and Middle East.