ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF SALMONELLA FOR EARLY CHICK MORTALITY IN BROILERS

Salmonella belongs to the Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod family Enterobacteriaceae. These include microorganisms that cause intestinal infections and food poisoning in both humans and animals. Salmonella is one of the pathogenic genera of relevance in poultry. A wide range of acute or chronic diseases of poultry, including S. pullorum (pullorum disease), S. gallinarum (fowl typhoid), S. arizonae (arizonae infection), S. enteritidis, and others (paratyphoid infection), are collectively referred to as "avian salmonellosis." These diseases cause significant mortality in poultry. In the present study, the relevant Salmonella spp. for broiler early mortality and antibiotic susceptibility test were isolated. Chicks suffer from infections as a result of an inadequate immune response in their early years, which makes them vulnerable to opportunistic pathogens due to poor macrophage phagocytosis and humoral immunity. The majority of those that because death are salmonella species. In all, 100 liver samples of sick broilers were gathered between October 2017 and January 2018 from several poultry farms in Abbottabad, Pakistan. A number of standard bacteriological tests, including examination of morphology, staining features, and biochemical traits, were performed on the samples in order to isolate and identify Salmonella Spp. Samples were pre-enriched in peptone water, streaked on Salmonella-Shigella agar following incubation, and biochemical confirmation was carried out the following day for samples that tested positive. The techniques used were the Disk Diffusion method (NCCLS 2000) for assessing antibiotic sensitivity and ISO 6579: 2002 for isolating Salmonella. Results showed that Salmonella Spp had been associated to 21% (n=21/100) of broiler liver samples. A sensitivity test was performed against five regularly used antibiotics; Amoxicillin was shown to be resistant to them, while Gentamycin and colistin sulfate demonstrated relatively higher sensitivity than the others. Salmonella species are found in broilers and have been shown to cause early chick mortality.