Grass and Tree Species Richness and Diversity at Ogongo Game Park in Namibia

Natural ecosystems contain a variety of landscapes essential for supporting life. In protected areas, these resources form the backbone of food availability within ecosystems, playing a vital role in the survival of wildlife and maintaining the entire food chain. A study was conducted at the University of Namibia (UNAM) Ogongo Game Park to assess the richness and diversity of grass and tree species. Data were collected from 10 transect lines which were placed 100m apart and three plots were systematically laid in each transect line. Data obtained were subjected to Rẻnyi diversity profiles in Biodiversity R software. A total of 10 tree species, Colophospermum mopane, Combretum collinum, Commiphora africana, Dichrostachys cinerea, Sclerocarya birrea, Vachellia erioloba, Vachellia farnesiana, Vachellia fortillis, Vachellia nilotica, and Vangueria infausta, both in overstory and understory were identified, while a total of 9 grass species, Aristida adscension, Aristida meridionalis, Aristida purpurea, Avena barbata, Chloris virgata, Eragrostis curvula, Eragrostis spectabliss, Sporobolus airoides, and Vulpia bromoides, were identified. Interestingly, one tree species, Dichrostachys cinerea was identified only in the understory. Rẻnyi diversity profiles for the understory, both tree regenerants and the grass species, were more horizontal indicating an even distribution of regenerants and grass species. An even species distribution signifies a healthier ecosystem essential for sustaining its services. On the other hand, Rẻnyi diversity profile for overstory was less horizontal signifying an uneven distribution, primarily due to the dominance of Colophospermum mopane. Therefore, the study recommends introduction and establishment of a mix of a native tree species suited to the local climate and soil. In addition, implementation of assisted natural regeneration is also recommended.