Prevalence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV patients who completed isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) at Reach out Mbuya community health initiative

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals in Sub Saharan Africa, including Uganda. Isoniazid prophylaxis therapy (IPT) is a major public health intervention to avert the progression of latent tuberculosis to active tuberculosis disease among people living with HIV. However, there is limited information about the influence of IPT on TB incidence and its associated risk factors among HIV positive patients in Uganda especially at Reach out-Mbuya community health initiative hence the study. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among positive adult patients who completed a 6-months long daily treatment of Isoniazid preventive therapy. Sputum samples and urine samples were collected and analysed using gene xpert and lateral flow urine Lipoarabinomannan (TF LAM) tests respectively for presence of Tuberculosis. Data analysis was performed using STATA. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to assess the risk factors associated with tuberculosis among the study population and significance estimated at 95% confidence level. Results A total of 103 HIV positive adults was studied. The mean age of the participants was 42.09 ± 10.49 and median age was 43. The prevalence of tuberculosis among HIV positive adult patients who completed Isoniazid preventive therapy was 5.8% (6/103). Counselling, the only factor significantly associated with TB (aOR:0.028, P-value < 0.001) had a protective effect of influencing HIV patients to complete of IPT and reduce the risk of TB infection. Conclusion Administration of IPT to HIV patients effectively reduces the occurrence of TB. Counselling is a significant predictor of prevention of active TB among HIV patients.