Perspective Chapter: Computational Kinematics and Dynamics of a Paddy Weeder Using Virtual Digital Twin Models

The mechanical weeding system for paddy fields stands out as the leading nonchemical method for weed removal. However, the current weeder configurations face challenges in terms of driving stability and energy efficiency. Traditionally, optimizing the design of weeder mechanisms involves physical experiments, which are both time-consuming and energy-intensive. This study focuses on optimizing the two walk-behind weeder designs, W1 and W2, through kinematic and dynamic analyses using virtual digital twin (DT) models, allowing for rapid iterations of simulated experiments. The digital twin (DT) is a cutting-edge approach that shifts agricultural mechanization from physical assessments to virtual machine model optimization. Initially, the machine model was created in SolidWorks and then imported into MSC Adams View software for kinematic analysis. The numerical simulation of the kinematics of the weeding mechanism was examined using MSC Adams View software, and the model was validated through comparison with the theoretical solution. Subsequently, a digital twin was developed with EDEM software to conduct a three-dimensional (3D) dynamic force analysis of the soil-tool interaction. A comparative analysis of the 3D dynamic forces was carried out to optimize the weeder in terms of torque requirements and energy consumption. According to the findings of the virtual digital twin model application, the W2 weeder configuration performs optimally in paddy fields.