Magnetostatic surface-wave–driven giant electromagnetic power enhancement in multiferroic BiFeO3 ceramics

Abstract We report an experimental and theoretical investigation of the propagation of radio-frequency electromagnetic pulses (0.1–50 MHz) along the surface of multiferroic BiFeO 3 (BFO) ceramics subjected to oscillating magnetic fields. A pronounced enhancement of the transmitted electromagnetic power is observed, strongly dependent on the magnetic-field configuration, excitation frequency, and propagation geometry. A maximum amplification of approximately 240% is achieved when the RF pulse propagates perpendicular to both the static and oscillating magnetic fields. The phenomenon is interpreted in terms of magnetostatic surface modes described within the Damon–Eshbach theoretical framework. Dispersion simulations and experimental measurements show strong quantitative agreement, with high fitting coefficients and minimal deviations in peak-field positions, demonstrating that the amplification originates from field-driven excitation of magnetostatic surface modes associated with uncompensated surface spins. These findings establish a robust mechanism for magnetically tunable electromagnetic amplification in multiferroic ceramics and highlight the technological potential of BiFeO 3 for advanced sensing and RF power modulation applications.