CT-Based Morphometric Review of Cervical Transverse Foramina in Indian Adults: A Narrative Synthesis and Clinical Implications

Background & Objectives: Detailed knowledge of the cervical transverse foramina (TF) morphology is crucial for surgical procedures and interventions involving the cervical spine. This review synthesizes computed tomography (CT)-based morphometric data on TFs in Indian adults, emphasizing anatomical variation and potential clinical implications.Methods: A narrative review was performed using data from peer-reviewed literature (published between 2020 and 2024) reporting CT-based morphometric analysis of TFs in Indian adults. Key morphometric parameters such as mean diameter, shape, symmetry, and presence of accessory foramina were extracted and analyzed descriptively.Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The mean TF diameter progressively decreased from C1 (6.3 mm) to C7 (4.1 mm). Oval-shaped foramina predominated in the upper cervical vertebrae, while irregular shapes and accessory foramina increased caudally. Asymmetry was reported in 18.3% of cases, with right-sided dominance.Interpretation & Conclusions: Cervical transverse foramina show considerable anatomical variation in the Indian population. Preoperative CT evaluation is recommended to minimize vertebral artery injury risk during cervical interventions. The study highlights the importance of population-specific anatomical databases.