Musculoskeletal Complications of HIV

Vitamin D levels have been observed to be low in HIV-infected patients. If replacement of low vitamin D is warranted, supplementation is done with vitamin D2 or D3. HIV-infected patients may be at higher risk for osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fragility fractures. Tenofovir alafenamide has been shown to produce less bone loss compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Muscle disorders can be debilitating in HIV-infected patients. Myopathies can have a range of presentation from myalgias to rhabdomyolysis. HIV myopathy is a rare proximal muscle disorder that can occur in HIV-infected patients. Antiretroviral drugs, including zidovudine and raltegravir, can cause myopathy and elevated creatine kinase.