Formulation of halalan toyyiban radish effervescent tablet

Radish is a vegetable high in nutritional and phytochemical contents that are beneficial to the human body, especially for managing kidney stone disease. However, it is less consumed as compared to other vegetables due to its pungent flavour and odour. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to formulate a radish effervescent tablet to enhance the palatability of the vegetable. The radish effervescent tablet was formulated by using Simplex Lattice Mixture Design where the percentages of sucralose and strawberry flavour were chosen as the factors. Five formulations were generated, and sensory acceptance test was conducted on them. Next, the halalan toyyiban principle compliance was evaluated based on the Halal Control Points (HCPs), toxicity assay (brine shrimp lethality assay), anti-urolithiatic properties (turbidimetric assay), and nutritional composition (energy, total protein, total fat, total carbohydrate, and total sugar). Formulation 5 (F5) with 20% citric acid, 12% sodium bicarbonate, 58% radish powder, 2.5% sucralose, and 7.5% strawberry flavour was selected as the most acceptable formulation (p < 0.05). For the halalan toyyiban principle compliance, F5 was evaluated, and it complied with the halalan toyyiban principles. It is halal, non-toxic, and safe for consumption as the LC50 was greater than 1,000 μg/mL (2,223.31 μg/mL) for toxicity test, and exhibited significant potential as an anti-urolithiatic agent (88.13% inhibition). In the future, prototype development of radish effervescent tablet with potential anti-urolithiatic and fast-dissolving properties can be carried out.