Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria—New Predictor on the Horizon?

Chronic urticaria is one of the most common diseases in allergology and dermatology practice with unclear causes of occurrence. Background: Some studies emphasize the correlation between inflammation in chronic urticaria and disturbed intestinal microbiota. It raises the question about the role of some intestine-related substances in the pathogenesis of urticaria as well as their potential role as disease predictors. Calprotectin is an acute-phase protein with a well-established diagnostic position in the field of gastroenterology. There are some data on the relationship between this parameter and gut microbiota. The major aim of this preliminary study is to investigate whether calprotectin can be potentially taken into account as a disease course predictor in urticaria. Methods: We included in our study 54 chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) patients (of whom 26 manifested the symptoms of recurrent angioedema) and 29 patients allergic to Hymenoptera venom for the reference group (in these patients, before venom immunotherapy induction, full diagnostics is performed including intestinal problems). Disease activity in the CSU patients was assessed using the Urticaria Activity Score (UAS) and the disease control in this group was assessed with the Urticaria Control Test (UCT). Moreover, we analyzed fecal and serum calprotectin concentrations. Results: Positive correlation was found only between the values of serum calprotectin concentration and the control level of CSU symptoms with the lack of other relations. Conclusions: Our results do not supply unequivocal evidence for calprotectin as a potential marker of CSU course, though this concept, in the light of growing evidence for microbiota’s role in urticaria, requires further research.