GC-MS, UPLC-MS and UHPLC Profiling of Hippophae rhamnoides Linnaeus Berries Fractions in Correlation to Its Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Hepatoprotective Effects

The current investigation used phytochemical evaluation of solvent fractions to assess the hepatoprotective efficacy of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. berry. Fresh berries were juiced and fractionated using different solvents like ethyl acetate, n-butanol, chloroform and water. Ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were analysed using GC–MS and further characterisation of Chloroform (HR-Chl), ethyl acetate (HR-EA), and butanol (HR-But) fractions were using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS with the aim of identifying phytoconstituents for bioactive components with hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Here, the metabolic profiling of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. Fractions of Berry via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography was performed to screen and identify the reported bioactive chemical constituents. Total of 72 diverse chemical constituents were identified which belong to various classes, including polar compound, non polar compound flavonoids, fatty acids, terpenoids, carboxylic acids, phenolic acids, quinones, and alkaloid. Among these metabolites flavonoids were found to be the major component of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. berry fractions. Moreover, Caffeic acid was found in the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions, while quercetin was found in the chloroform fraction, based on the quantitative analysis with UHPLCDAD.