Transcription Systems

Abstract Phonetic transcription refers to the process whereby spoken language is represented in written form with the use of phonetic symbols. Various types and subtypes of transcription exist (e.g., phonetic, phonological, phonemic, allophonic, broad, narrow) that can be used depending on the aspects of spoken language being represented or the linguist's aims. Any transcription system is based on the use of a specific system of notation, with the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) as the most widely used alphabetic, non‐iconic system at present for the transcription of both segmental and prosodic aspects. Outdated alternatives (analphabetic and iconic alphabetic notation), as well as some modern alternatives such as Americanist phonetic notation (NAPA), ToBI, ARPABET, and SAMPA, are also discussed.