Avaliação da inluência antrópica na diversidade de fungos basidiomycota (agaricomycotina) da reserva florestal Adolfo Ducke

Macrofungi diversity is crucial in forest ecosystems, supporting carbon cycling and plant community structure. However, anthropogenic influences threaten this diversity, particularly near urban areas. In Manaus, irregular settlements impact forest fragments, such as the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve. This study evaluated the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on Agaricomycotina diversity in preserved and anthropized areas of an Amazonian forest. The study was conducted in two areas: a preserved and an anthropized area both characterized by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) values. Each area was surveyed over 600 m², divided into six 100 m² plots. Fungal diversity was analyzed using an accumulation curve, morphological and molecular identification (including phylogenetic tree construction and quantification of individuals per taxon), and ecological indices (Shannon-Weaver, Sørensen, and evenness). Twenty-five taxa were recorded in the preserved area, with Marasmius spp., Mycena spp., Amauroderma spp., Auricularia spp., and Schizophyllum spp. being the most frequent genera. In the anthropized area, six taxa were recorded, with Trametes spp., Schizophyllum sp., Marasmius spp., Pycnoporus sp., and Auricularia sp. being the most frequent. Statistical analysis revealed higher diversity in the preserved region (H’ = 3.17 ± 0.09) and lower evenness (E = 0.76 ± 0.12), while the anthropized area showed lower diversity (H’ = 2.01 ± 0.12) and higher evenness (E = 0.79 ± 0.18). Results show a significant reduction in fungal diversity in anthropized areas, highlighting the negative impact of human intervention on biodiversity.