Common Pathological Lesions in Oral and Maxillofacial Region

Background: Various oral lesions are encountered by oral clinician in their daily clinical practice. These lesions arise from myriad of causes and affect the daily life and health of person. Objectives: To determine the frequency of common pathological lesions in oral and maxillofacial region helping timely diagnosis and intervention to reduce the morbidly and mortality. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study, of 196 patients with oral pathological lesions recruited through non-probability convenient sampling technique was carried out at Oral and Maxillofacial Unit MMC MTI Mardan, from 1st January 2023 to 31st December 2023. Diagnosis was established through history, clinical examination, investigation and biopsy in all cases. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 21.0 and evaluated and analyzed by applying descriptive statistics.Results: The age ranged from 2 to 90 years, with a mean age of 25.85 ±16.45 years. Oral pathological lesions occurred more common in 3rd decade (n= 48, 24.5%) followed by 4th decade (n= 37, 18.8%). Male pre-dominated the female with a ratio of 1.15:1. The most common site was mandible (n=66, 33.7%). Common lesion was squamous cell carcinoma (n=21, 10.7%). Common benign lesion was avascular necrosis (n=19, 9.6%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the leading malignant lesions (n=21, 11%). Mucocele (n=13, 6.6%) was common in cystic lesions.Conclusion: This study showed the variations in age, gender, site and type of oral and maxillofacial lesions. The malignant lesions are common in older patients, while the benign are more common in early and middle age groups. Timely diagnosis and intervention can reduce the morbidly and mortality. Keywords: Ameloblastoma, Avascular necrosis, Mucocele, Pathological lesions, Squamous cell carcinoma.