Subsurface Zircons with Presumptive “Biogenic” Inclusions as Potentially Useful Proxies for Studying Precambrian Bygone Biospheres in Goa

Abstract This work was inspired by recent report by Bell et al., 2015 who studied potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old Zircon and need to assess the potential of Zircons found in Goa. Zircons (ZrSiO4) are naturally occurring silicate minerals which show radioactivity and high ductility and contain traces of Thorium and Uranium useful in Uranium–Thorium /Thorium −230 dating techniques. Zircons can be found in igneous, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary deposits and occurs as a detrital minerals in river and beach sands. Previous reports show that the Zircons can occur in different shapes such as round, elongated and with surface characteristics (Gartner et al.,2013). U-Pb Zircon dating methods had been used to study the continental growth in the western Dharwar craton of southern India (Jayananda et al., 2015). The present study was aimed at detection of subsurface Zircons with biogenic inclusions and assess their use as proxies for studying bygone Precambrium biospheres in Goa. Deep tubewell drilled Cores (60 and 65 m deep from surface) in island of Tiswadi at Taleigao were analyzed by light microscopy, Phase contrast microscopy and SEM to detect and classify the Zircons. In rapid preliminary sampling, total 50 Zircons were identified and 98% indicated the presence of interesting inclusions. These could be bubbles or kerogens or unidentified biological material. Zircons were classified as elongated, slightly rounded with sharp edges and showed widespread variety of surface characteristics like fracturing, cracks, scratches, striations and impact pits which may occur during transport processes. It is suggested that Zircons with presumptive biogenic inclusions can be further studied using techniques such as Raman Spectroscopy, Carbon Isotopic Measurements, X-Ray Microscopy, Trace Element Measurement consistent with Bell et al., 2015. More exhaustive studies have been undertaken to create a detail image database of Zircons from various other local samples to pinpoint those specifically useful for advanced work based on image analysis of the presumptive bioinclusions. Further attempts would be made to develop specific harvesting techniques to select potentially useful Zircons. International collaborations would be sought for applications of advanced techniques to local Zircons. Such studies would shed light on nature of bygone Precambrian biospheres in Goa and help in understanding evolution of life and the impact of plate tectonics and cataclysmic events shaping life on this planet.