An insight into the health-promoting effects of foods to prevent Antibiotic- associated Diarrhoea: A Review

The random use of antibiotics leads to gastrointestinal diseases with complications ranging from mild diarrhea to Pseudomembranous colitis, which is called antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Outbreaks of antibiotic-associated diarrhea are generally found in 10% to 30% of patients taking antibiotics, depending on the particular antibiotic used, and are caused by Clostridium difficile in general and Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, etc. in particular. Functional disturbances of intestinal carbohydrates, harmful effects of antibiotics on the intestinal mucosa, and allergic effects are responsible for mild antibiotic-associated diarrhea. In COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, patients treated with a variety of antibiotics have been noticed to suffer from severe antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Probiotics have been shown to play a significant role in preventing antibiotic- associated diarrhea in both COVID-19 patients and general patients. Prebiotics and dietary approaches also play a vital role in combating antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Given the increased demand for food associated with the treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, the current review paper attempted to orchestrate the effect of probiotics such as yogurt, kefir, cheese, probiotic milk, and dietary foods such as ripe papaya, bananas, and other fermented foods in developing an immune system capable of effectively combating antibiotic-associated diarrhea.