Synergistic Heat Transfer in Enclosures: A Hybrid Nanofluids Review

This review aims to comprehensively explore the concepts of heat transfer (HT) and entropy generation (Egen) within cavities containing hybrid nanofluids (HN). Additionally, the review encompasses various enclosure shapes, such as triangle, square, rectangle, wave, trapezoid, hexagon, octagon, semicircle, circle, cube, C-shaped, L-shaped, M-shaped, T-shaped, W-shaped, irregular shaped, and other types of cavity designs. Also, different types of hybrid nanoparticles such as silver-magnesium oxide, copper-aluminum oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes-iron oxide, copper-titanium dioxide, silver-copper, aluminum oxide-titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes-aluminum oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes-magnesium oxide, carbon nanotubes-iron oxide, carbon nanotubes-copper, aluminum oxide-silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide-silver, nanodiamond-cobalt oxide, etc., and base fluids such as water, ethylene glycol, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc are presented in this research. In addition, a thorough analysis of the extensive literature underscores the significant influence of elements like blocks, obstacles, fins, or cylinders within cavities on both HT and Egen. These findings carry substantial practical implications for the study of thermofluid systems.