La gestion du plurilinguisme social par l’etat au congo : etat des lieux et perspectives

The sociolinguistic situation in the Congo is characterized by a plurilingualism that brings several languages of various statuses into contact. On the one hand there are local languages represented by dozens of ethnic languages that serve for intra-ethnic communication and two vehicular languages Lingala and Kituba that allow inter-ethnic communication throughout the territory. On the other hand, we have French, which is the official language of schooling. Despite this multilingual linguistic niche, French is officially the only language in use in administrative and school settings. No space is reserved for Congolese languages, even less for the two vehiculars who closely complement this linguistic palette. Thus, the problematic on the management of plurilingualism in the Congo imposes itself acutely and generates major issues in the fields of politics, sociolinguistics and didactics. It is in this perspective that our reflection is located, the problematic of which is based on the following main question: "What state of play can be done on the management of multilingualism by the state in the Congo? ». At the end of a field investigation, we noted that the management of social plurilingualism in the Congo still remains a question to be developed. From independence to date, several official projects have been initiated on this issue, particularly on the promotion of the two vehicles. Unfortunately, not all of these projects have been successful due to didactic, pedagogical and ineffective political constraints. Based on this result, for a rational management of this plurilingualism, a linguistic reorganization is necessary that is likely to grant a didactic range to lingala and kituba.