The Devonian System in China

SummaryThe Devonian System of China occurs in the Tianshan–Hingan* Geosyncline of North China, the Yangtze Paraplatform of South China and in the geosynclinal areas of West China. Devonian formations are entirely absent from the Sino-Korean Paraplatform and the Tarim Platform, but along the border of the Tarim Basin and the slopes of Qilianshan (Chilienshan) are continental sequences rich in vertebrate and plant fossils. On the basis of differences in biostratigraphic characteristics the Devonian is divisible into 8 regions: 1. Junggar–Hingan (Dzungar–Khingan), 2. South Tianshan (South Tienshan), 3. Qilianshan (Chilienshan), 4. Longmenshan (Lungmenshan), 5. South China, 6. South-eastern China, 7. West Sichuan–North Xizang (West Szechuan-North Tibet), 8. Himalaya–West Yunnan.Using both lithology and fossil content, five principal facies (types) may be further differentiated: 1. Hingan type (eugeosynclinal facies), 2. Baoxin type (miogeosynclinal facies), 3. Xiangzhou type (platform near-shore facies), 4. Nandan type (platformal off-shore facies), 5. Cuifengshan (Chuifeng shan) type (continental facies).The Devonian of South China occurs in various facies, but has a well-defined principal stratotype. It has been divided by Chinese geologists into eight stages, two in the Upper Devonian, two in the Middle Devonian and four in the Lower Devonian.The Devonian sequences of the geosynclinal regions of West China are characterized by facies which contain graptolites and tentaculites, and have largely been affected by regional metamorphism. The Devonian biota of the Junggar–Hingan Region is essentially an endemic one, but it is associated with a few European and North American elements. Marine pyroclastics are the principal rocks. General stratigraphical columns of those regions are given with a correlation with other parts of China. The continental Devonian of China is unique especially in the light of its vertebrate content. Red sandstones are widespread in the Lower Devonian, and intercalated with argillaceous limestone and mudstone. This sequence is rich in endemic East Asiatic faunal elements including agnatha (Galeaspida, Polybranchiaspida), Antiarchi, etc. Middle and Upper Devonian lithostratigraphic units consist principally of light coloured quartzose sandstone formations in Southeastern China, with some red beds in South and North China, while their fauna and flora are cosmopolitan in character. Their exact geological ages vary, however, as clearly shown in the South China region, especially towards the top of the Upper Devonian (with Asterolepis) and in the early Middle Devonian (with Bothriolepis).