THE DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS USING HISTORIC BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (HBIM) TOOLS

Conventional documentation methods remain widely used in heritage conservation practice; however, these approaches often yield fragmented records, inefficiencies, and limited accessibility, which may hinder long-term conservation efforts. In response to these limitations, digital documentation has emerged as a critical alternative, particularly through the application of Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM). HBIM enables the systematic recording, analysis, and management of heritage building data while supporting data security, governance, and the long-term integrity of information. This study explores the application of HBIM as a digital documentation and archival tool for heritage buildings in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, addressing practical challenges associated with data acquisition, modelling accuracy, and contextual adaptation within conventional conservation practice. The primary objectives of the study are to document selected heritage buildings through measured surveys and to generate accurate two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) digital models as a comprehensive conservation record. The research adopts on-site observation and building measurement combined with 3D simulation techniques to produce structured digital documentation. The resulting HBIM models provide an integrated platform for recording architectural elements, monitoring building conditions, and facilitating future rehabilitation and refurbishment works. By promoting digital-based documentation practices, this study supports sustainable conservation approaches aligned with green technology principles and contributes to Sustainable Development Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). Overall, the findings demonstrate that HBIM offers a reliable and effective framework for enhancing the long-term preservation and management of heritage buildings in Malaysia.