Neuroscience Research and Education in Nepal: Exploring Major Fields and Progress

Abstract Neuroscience in Nepal is a developing discipline facing many challenges but showing gradual progress. Traditionally, clinical neuroscience areas such as neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry have been the main focus primarily to pressing public health needs. Institutions like the Nepalese Society of Neurosurgeons and the Neuroscience Society of Nepal have played central roles in promoting education, research, and clinical care. Although molecular and cellular neuroscience remains limited because of lack of sophisticated equipment and funding, some progress has been made through collaborative and computational studies. Cognitive neuroscience research addresses unique environmental impacts and educational factors in Nepal, supported by emerging laboratories and international partnerships. Neurophysiological research, initially focused on clinical diagnosis, is expanding into studies of brain function and neurological disorders using modern electrophysiological techniques. Computational neuroscience is an emerging field with increasing interest driven largely by advances in artificial intelligence and data analysis skills among younger researchers. Despite the shortage of trained experts, limited infrastructure, and low public awareness, neuroscience in Nepal benefits from the return of internationally trained professionals and growing institutional support. Unique cultural, geographic, and epidemiological factors provide specific research opportunities relevant to the Nepalese context. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the development of neuroscience in Nepal, highlighting both key achievements and persistent challenges. It emphasizes the necessity of sustained investment in education, infrastructure, and collaborative research networks to build a robust neuroscience community capable of addressing local health challenges and contributing valuable insights to the global understanding of neuroscience.