Evaluation of Medicago sativa ethanol leaf extract for antidiarrheal activity in Wistar rats

Aim: Medicago sativa leaf is traditionally used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in Nigeria. This research investigates the in vivo antidiarrheal activity of M. sativa (Alfalfa) leaf extract in Wistar rats. Method: The study employed three models: castor oil-induced diarrhea, gastrointestinal motility (charcoal meal), and castor oil-induced intestinal fluid accumulation. The phytochemical analysis as well acute toxicity tests were carried out in the leaf extract. Results: The results demonstrate a dose-dependent and significant antidiarrheal effect of M. sativa leaf extract. In the castor oil-induced diarrhea model, the extract reduced fecal frequency, delayed onset, and lowered severity, with the highest effect at 600 mg/kg compared to a positive control (Loperamide). Gastrointestinal motility was inhibited by the extract in a dose-dependent manner, achieving maximum effect at 600 mg/kg, comparable to atropine sulfate. The castor oil-induced intestinal fluid accumulation model revealed a significant decrease in fluid volume at 600 mg/kg, exhibiting a potent inhibitory effect. The oral LD50 values obtained were greater than 5000 mg/kg in rats Conclusion: This study provides compelling evidence of Medicago sativa leaf extract's potential as an antidiarrheal agent in Wistar rats. Further investigations could explore its mechanism of action and safety profile, contributing valuable insights to the development of novel antidiarrheal therapies.