Comparison of different surgical stabilization methods in recurrent anterior shoulder injuries in terms of pain, proprioceptive sensation, functional status, and muscle activation

Introduction This study was designed to compare the outcomes of Bankart, Latarjet, and Remplissage surgical procedures in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Methods The study included 26 patients who underwent surgery for recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Pain levels, proprioceptive sensation, functional status, range of motion (ROM), grip strength, and muscle activation were assessed. Results In our study, the Latarjet procedure demonstrated superior pain control, while Bankart repair was most effective in preserving proprioceptive sensation. Remplissage was the most effective method for improving functional status, showing the highest scores, whereas Latarjet had the lowest scores. In terms of ROM, Bankart repair yielded the most favorable results, whereas Latarjet had the lowest outcomes. Regarding grip strength, remplissage had the highest values, while Latarjet had the lowest. Superficial electromyography measurements indicated variations in activation levels of the deltoid and trapezius muscles, with Bankart repair showing the highest activation levels and Latarjet the lowest. Conclusion Our findings suggest that Bankart repair is superior in preserving proprioceptive sensation and ROM, whereas Latarjet is more effective in pain control and functional outcomes. Remplissage provided the most favorable results in terms of grip strength and muscle activation.