Multi-loop Aquaponics Systems: A Review and Proposed Multi-loop Agrogeological Aquaponics System

The achievement of the second sustainability development goal, targeting zero hunger by 2030, faces considerable challenges if the current food security landscape persists. Traditional agricultural practices remain inefficient and compete for space with the expanding global population. In contrast, urban agriculture presents a more resource-efficient and high-yield alternative by exploring soilless or alternative growing mediums in urban areas. Among the urban farming methods, aquaponics emerges as a noteworthy technique. A recent development in decoupled or multi-loop aquaponics systems aims to address the shortcomings of traditional systems. This paper, therefore, reviews various implementations of multi-loop aquaponics systems in literature, delving into their advantages and limitations. Incorporation of agrogeology into multi-loop aquaponics systems is potentially a strategy to tackle potential nutrient deficiencies that aquaponics systems may encounter. The design and construction of a proposed conceptual multi-loop aquaponics system with agrogeology are presented and discussed with suggestions for future research and development.